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Cree Lesson #2

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tansi cuzzins!

Welcome to week two of our journey into the Cree language, or nehiyawewin! I have been taught that Cree is a spirit language. It is sacred, and when used in prayer can be used to talk to the spirits.

Each week, we will be looking at one of the spirit markers from the chart below and learning a bit about what it represents and how it sounds, as well as how to spell the sound in SRO, or Standard Roman Orthography.

Then we’ll learn one word that features this spirit marker.From https://esoteric.codes/blog/jon-corbett.This week we’ll be looking at one new spirit marker and our second diminutive spirit marker ᐦ.

In the star chart above, look at the row of smaller spirit markers along the bottom of the sheet. These are the diminutive spirit markers and are never used on their own. Instead, they are used to add sounds to the other, main spirit markers.

You’re already familiar with one of them –– the mid-dot that we use to elongate vowel sounds. This is the dot that goes after the spirit marker and puts a ‘w’ sound in front of the vowel, as with last week’s ᐘ which turned the ‘a’ sound into a ‘wa.’

You may also remember from last week that the star chart has eight limbs, each of which corresponds to a direction and that in this system, North is at the bottom. This week’s spirit marker is ᐸ which represents the sound ‘pa.’ It’s the second spirit marker in the East direction of the star chart,The Cree ‘p’ is softer than the English ‘p.’ It sometimes sounds almost like a ‘b’. Another way to say this is that the Cree ‘p’ is not aspirated. More about aspiration below. 

When the vowel is longer, we put a dot over the spirit marker, like so. This represents the same sound, with the vowel held longer, like, “paa.”

In SRO, this is represented as an “a” with either a circumflex (pâ), or line (pā) above it. 

As you know, when a “w” sound appears before a vowel, this is represented by a dot that comes after the spirit marker, but the sound of the ‘w’ actually goes in front of the vowel. In this case, because this spirit marker already has a consonant and a vowel sound together, the ‘w’ goes between them. The thing to remember is that the ‘w’ always goes directly before the vowel.

Short “pwa” sound. Longer “pwaa” sound.

Now for ᐦ, the new diminuitive spirit marker! This symbol represents aspiration, usually represented by ‘h’ in the English language. But in English, some words that have no ‘h’ in them are also aspirated, as in the word, “pot.”
If you place your hand or a small piece of paper in front of your mouth when you say this word, you will feel the puff of air or see the paper move.

“pah” with an emphasized aspiration after the vowel.While the ‘p’ sound in Cree does not have this aspiration, we often have ‘h’ sounds that come at then end of sounds. This is the case in our word of the week, “pahkisimon.” This is something we never do in English, so can be difficult at first for English speakers to hear and replicate this sound ourselves.

Here is our word of the week. To hear a pronunciation of it, click the image. It will take you to a Cree dictionary, where you can click on the speaker icon to hear it pronounced by a Cree speaker. In the word below, see if you can make sense of the spirit markers. The first one is ᐊ, which we know stands for the sound “ah”. The second spirit marker is ᐚ, which stands for the sound “waaah”, so we know that the two side-by-side must make the sounds “ah-waaa”.

We’ll learn more about the “sis” sound when we get to the southeast direction of the star chart. For now, just know that ᓯᐢ is the symbol for the sound “sis”.

You’ll notice that the ‘ki’ sound is barely pronounced by the speaker. That’s a very common thing that speakers of all languages do –– the dropping or compression of sounds in the middle of a word. Listen closely and see if you can hear the aspiration after the “pa” sound. Can you reproduce this sound yourself?

pahkisimon is a beautiful word. The english equivalent would be either “West,” or “sunset.” Our ancestors taught us that we are related to all things in Creation –– every plant, every animal, even the clouds. Therefore, what Europeans called the sun is our Grandfather and pahkisimon means, “West” or “The direction whence the Grandfather makes the descent.”

I’m grateful for my ancestors and my Cree teacher, Lloyd.

hiy hiy!

The information that I share here regarding the Cree language is for public use. None of this information is private or protected cultural knowledge. Please feel free to share these language lessons with your friends, families, students and colleagues. 

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In photos: Indigenous children and Youth take the spotlight at VIFW 2023

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Indigenous children modelled the fashion brand HSTRYMKRS, which shared spray paint designs that read “Young Matriarch” and “The Youth are Sacred.” Photo by Aaron Hemens

The future looked bright for the next generation at this year’s Vancouver Indigenous Fashion Week (VIFW), as children and Youth showcased their talents in modelling and design.

The event took place at the Queen Elizabeth Theatre over four nights last week — each with a different theme. VIFW is an annual event that began in 2017 as a way to promote and celebrate Indigenous fashion, arts and culture.

The third night on Nov. 22 had a theme of Indigenous Futures. After a territorial welcome, the lights dimmed and music vibrated the walls of the venue as Indigenous Youth from the Girls Who LEAP (Lead to Empower and Act with Purpose) program walked in their power on the runway.

As part of a mentorship program with VIFW, each girl designed and created their own shawl to showcase — embodying their hopes, dreams, and respective cultures. Their work was paired with the work of Nisg̱a’a designer Kevin Gosnell Designs.

Girls Who LEAP is a non-profit in “Vancouver” that provides leadership opportunities for Youth in the Downtown Eastside and Grandview Woodlands communities – both of which have a high population of urban Indigenous People. Photo by Aaron Hemens

Partnering with Indigenous models from Supernaturals Modelling, the Youth smiled, held back tears, and waved to their friends in the audience. Family members cheered for their children, grandchildren and great grandchildren.

For Kailani, a Youth who participated in the LEAP program, being mentored to create a shawl for VIFW was a dream come true, and a way to honour her family and culture.

Kailani says she wanted to honour her name, which means sea and sky in Hawaiian, as the inspiration for her design. “I created a blue sun with red, yellow, orange and purple arrows mimicking the course of the sunset. The blue sun represents the meeting point of the sea and the sky,” says Kailani. Photo by Aaron Hemens

“I grew up seeing my aunt dance in her beautiful regalia,” said Kailani. 

“My aunt Rebecca influences me especially because many designs are based around powwow culture.”

Kailani’s aunt is Kwakiutł, Dzawada’enuxw and Skwxwú7mesh designer Rebecca Baker-Grenier, who also showcased her clothing designs during VIFW. Another aunt of Kailani’s, Himalkas Pam Baker, also showcased her fashions.

Girls Who LEAP models show off their shawls on the runway. Photo by Aaron Hemens

The founder and artistic director of VIFW, Joleen Mitton, was in the audience, dancing and cheering for the Youth and their creations. 

Her work in creating VIFW was recently featured in the short film Ancestral Threads, which premiered at HotDocs in 2023. 

The behind the scenes look at how VIFW began, and all of the work that goes into curating a show, and the people Mitton has brought along with her. 

The former international model, who is Cree, has deep roots in “Vancouver” mentoring Indigenous Youth. For Mitton, she credits her kokum for inspiring her to serve the community.

Joleen Mitton (front), the founder of VIFW, poses on the runway during the Girls Who LEAP finale. Photo by Aaron Hemens

Opening the show, Mitton wore a jumpsuit with the slogan “the future is Indigenous” on the back before changing looks later in the night.

“You’ve got to appreciate the outfit,” she said. “This was made by the Youth. They are our future.”

Angela Howe-Parrish of Choke Cherry Creek, who is Apsaalooke (Crow) and Amskapi Piikani (Blackfeet), shared her new Apsáalooke Collection, which featured vibrant colours, geometric patterns and Elk tooth prints. Photo by Aaron Hemens

Along with Girls Who LEAP, the Indigenous Futures night featured the works of Choke Cherry Creek, Alicia’s Designs, Two Smudge, Section 35, 4 Kinship, Jamie Gentry Designs and Himikalas Pamela Baker.

Owen Unruh, a Two-Spirit Cree model, dancer and content creator, in Choke Cherry Creek Designs. Photo by Aaron Hemens

During a showcase for the Heiltsuk-owned streetwear brand HSTRYMKRS, models wearing jerseys, cargos and statement-making jewelry by Copper Canoe Woman danced to hip hop music and hyped up the crowd as they walked the runway, prompting loud cheers.

Fashion Brand HSTRYMKRS shared spray paint designs that read “Young Matriarch” and “The Youth are the Future.” Photo by Aaron Hemens

The cheers became louder as a model wearing a graffiti-painted gown emblazoned with the words “The Youth are Sacred” and “The Youth are the Future” walked out with three children who wore shirts with the slogans “Youth Matriarch.” 

A model with HSTRYMKRS poses on the runway in front of cheerful audience members. Photo by Aaron Hemens

“How many more times am I going to cry tonight?” said the event’s host Kiefer Collison, after the showcase was over. “That was absolutely beautiful.”

A spectator raises their fist in the air in solidarity with HSTRYMKRS models. Photo by Aaron Hemens

The themes for the other nights of VIFW were the opening Red Dress Event, All My Relations and Spirit of the West Coast. 

“My people, you are so beautiful and so strong,” said Rueben George of Tsleil-Waututh Nation, who gave a territorial welcome with his children Cedar and Kayah.

“This is a celebration, because how we look is to the future.”

The show was opened by Rueben George of the Tsleil-Waututh Nation (TWN) and his children Cedar and Kayah. “We’re taking it back,” says George. “This is a presentation of our future, of who we are.” Photo by Aaron Hemens

With files from Aaron Hemens and Cara McKenna

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SD67 career fair connects Indigenous students with professional mentors

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From left: Whitney Cardenas, Chris Ingle and Jaden Sampson were at the career fair with PIB’s fire department. Photo by Athena Bonneau

During a career fair in “Penticton” last week, Indigenous secondary school students heard from 26 mentors working in different industries — giving the Youth an opportunity to learn about various professional pathways.

The event was the first-ever Indigenous Career Fair held by School District 67’s (SD67) Indigenous Parent Group, planned in collaboration with the district’s Indigenous Education Program and held at Princess Margaret Secondary School.

It aimed to bridge the gap between post-secondary aspirations and alternative career paths, and set Indigenous Youth up for success after high school.

The Youth learned about various industries from professionals including water technicians, Youth and family workers, teachers, artists and more. 

Along with covering the event as a journalist on Nov. 16, I also represented my industry as a mentor, talking to the Youth in Grades 8 to 12 about my career as a freelance storyteller contributing to IndigiNews and Global Okanagan. I shared with them what it means to me to tell these impactful stories as a member of Penticton Indian Band (PIB).

Another of the mentors, Whitney Cardenas, is also a member of PIB and works for the nation’s fire department. She told me that before she became a firefighter, attended a similar career fair to explore different job paths.

Now, she is eager to encourage the next generation of Indigenous Youth who are trying to decide which career path to choose.

“I’m pretty proud of myself to be named as one of the Indigenous role models, and I’m excited to talk to the Youth and tell them why I do what I do,” said Cardenas.

“I’m here to help encourage them to know that there are options out there and how easy it is to get into these careers and how they can make a living.”

Students at SD67’s Indigenous Career Fair at Princess Margaret Secondary School on Nov 16. Photo by Athena Bonneau

As a mother of two young children, Cardenas shared her passion for building a sense of community, emphasizing the importance of involving youth in trades for real-world experience. 

“I never saw myself in this position with the fire brigade but I love it. I feel it’s something that I’m going to continue doing for a long while,” said Cardenas.

Cardenas encouraged Youth who may be interested in the trades to “come as you are and experience it firsthand” — embodying the inclusive and supportive spirit at the heart of the Indigenous Career Fair.

Dustin Hyde, the District Principal of Indigenous Education and Equity for SD67, highlighted the importance of broad representation of Indigenous workers across different sectors at the event.

“There was a parent who said, ‘my daughter wants to study medicine’ and it would be wonderful if there was an Indigenous doctor here,” said Hyde, who is Métis.

“We plan to broaden our role models next year and the hope and the dream would be that we just continue to offer more opportunities.”

Christy Tiessen, a member of the Indigenous Parent Group and organizer of the Career Fair, said the group will continue to meet monthly to find different ways to encourage Indigenous youth to see themselves in different career paths aside from only the traditional university route.

“If one kid walked out of here tonight and says, ‘I know what I want to do, that’s what I’m going to do’ and now they have a passion to move forward — that’s the goal,” said Tiessen.

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For 18-year-old syilx basketball star, sports and mental health intersect

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sk’ik’aycin Peter Waardenburg Jr., an 18-year-old syilx Youth from the Lower Similkameen Indian Band, pictured at Westbank First Nation’s (WFN) basketball court on Nov. 3. Photo by Aaron Hemens

Just down the road from where sk’ik’aycin Peter Waardenburg Jr. grew up is one of his favourite safe spaces — the Westbank First Nation’s (WFN) basketball court.

The sport is more than just a means of keeping active or staying connected with his community — it’s his go-to coping mechanism to help navigate whatever challenges may present themselves. 

So whenever he needs to clear his mind and ground himself, the 18-year-old will head to outdoor facility in syilx homelands and spend time shooting hoops. 

“Whenever I feel down or need to feel motivated, I’ll come out,” says Waardenburg Jr., who is a member of Lower Similkameen Indian Band. 

“It allows me to get away from whatever I need, to create a space for myself.”

Waardenburg Jr. was raised by a community of basketball players. His family started Syilx Basketball long before he was born — some of his earliest memories are of him watching his older brother Treyton, his older cousins and his dad play.

In addition to Treyton, his favourites included local Syilx Basketball league legends Jesse Vissia and Skye Terbasket, with his mom even gifting him a poster of the latter for Christmas one year.

“I always liked to watch and analyze more than I liked to play when I was younger. I was a little shy,” he recalled.

But Waardenburg Jr. was playing ball by the time he was five years old. Throughout his 13-year career, he’s generally played the point guard position, sometimes switching to shooting guard if needed. 

At one point, he also played competitive baseball, where his time as a pitcher taught him patience and how to keep himself calm.

“That helped me later on with basketball: being a point guard and calm on the floor, kind of leading,” he said.

Basketball has introduced him to a new world of different clubs, tournaments and communities throughout North America — he’s played with the Jr. Heat Boys Basketball Club, Okanagan Valley Elite, GW Hoops, the Similkameen Men’s team, and Syilx Basketball for both the Junior and regular All Native Basketball tournaments.

He’s also represented Team BC twice in the North American Indigenous Games (NAIG) — first in 2017, where the team placed second, and this past spring, where he was the starting point guard for the team, who finished third.

In 2022, he was part of the Syilx Basketball team that won the All Native Youth Basketball Tournament, which also saw him earn the MVP award. He competed again in this year’s Junior All Native, where he was the top scorer and was named an all-star, helping his team place second.

“Basketball allowed me to stay connected, especially to culture. With the All Native and with the Junior All Native, it brings you towards different tribes and bands,” he said.

A special highlight in his career was when he played with his older brother and his younger brother on a Men’s Similkameen Basketball team that his dad coached. 

“When you’re surrounded by friends and family, and they’re playing basketball, it just makes you realize how much you’re loved,” he said.

This past August, Waardenburg Jr. was named as one of three syilx Okanagan recent high school graduates to receive a Syilx Siya Bursary Award from the Okanagan Nation Alliance (ONA), for demonstrating “a willingness to dream big for themselves, their Nation, their community, and/or their family.”

Applicants for the bursary award were tasked with writing about overcoming a difficult moment in their lives. In his application, he wrote about losing his cousins to mental health challenges and how sports — basketball in particular — helped him cope.

“I definitely believe sports help with mental health. I’ve seen it help me through the roughest times,” said Waardenburg Jr., who graduated from Mount Boucherie Secondary School.

He said while opening up about loss was difficult, he has worked through many of the emotions involved with the grieving process. 

“My two bros that I lost, they played a lot of basketball. I grew up playing with them,” he said.

Now, he is working his way through his first-year studies at Okanagan College’s business administration program. Waardenburg Jr. said he’s keen on promoting Indigenous sports more — he said he’d like to teach and coach other Indigenous Youth someday.

Speaking from his own experience, he encouraged those struggling with mental health to try and pick up a sport because you never know who you’ll meet that may help you down the road.

“It can also just make you realize that there’s more to life,” he said.

“Honestly, it could save someone.”

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